分類 / Names
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条鰭類 >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335). More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
; 海; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 54256), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 54256). Subtropical; 67°N - 38°S, 26°W - 42°E
Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic: Norway to South Africa, round the coast to Maputo.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 23.9, range 21 - 30 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 3197); common length : 22.0 cm FL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 3397); 最大公表体重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
背面の脊椎 (合計): 9; 背鰭 (合計): 30-36; 肛門の骨 3; 臀鰭: 24 - 32. Bluish green, grey or black above, silvery white below; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). Lateral scales tall and keeled. Gill cover with a distinct black spot. First dorsal fin tall (Ref. 35388).
Adults form large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. They feed on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Females lay 140,000 eggs, which hatch into 5mm long larvae (Ref. 35388). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. North Sea stock spawns in the southern North Sea in summer, migrates to central North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
CITES (Ref. 118484)
Not Evaluated
Human uses
水産業: 高い商業の; ゲームフィッシュ: はい; 餌: usually
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 10.6 - 16.6, mean 13.3 (based on 165 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00759 - 0.00912), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (5.1 - 7.6) years. Estimated as median LN(3)/K based on 27
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.12-0.16; tm=2-4; tmax=11; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.72, Based on 11 stock assessments.
弱み (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100) .
